Language Deffinitions

1. Three Components of Language

Theories of Meaning
2. Definition Theory
The theory of explaining the idea behind a word by attempting to define it. A triangle is a shape with three straight lines connected at three points.
3. Denotation Theory
The theory of explaining the idea behind a word by attempting to use other words to describe it. France is a country.
4. Image Theory
The theory of associating a word with an image that comes to mind when the word is thought of. Freedom is an eagle.
Problems with Language
5. Vagueness
Describing something but not really pinning down exactly what it is. It was fast.
6. Ambiguity
Having two or more meanings. She can’t bear children.
7. Secondary Meaning (i.e. Denotation, Connotation and Euphemisms)
The prime meaning of a word. Death means something not living.
8. Metaphor
A comparison of two things. Mike is the pillar of the community.
9. Irony
Communicating one thing but meaning something else. This rainy weather is just wonderful.

Problems with Translation
10. Untranslatable Words
Words that have no set definition. Love.
11. Idioms
Slang words or phrases. Kick the bucket.

12. Labels
Names given to things in order to organize or group them. White trash.
13. Stereotypes
An assumption of a certain type of person though it may not always be true. Irishmen are drunk.
14. Satire-Whorf Hypothesis
The usage of irony and sarcasm in exposing vice or folly. Tina Fey’s Sarah Palin impersonation.

Emotionally Laden Language
15. Emotive Meaning
The emotional connotation of a word. White can be associated with purity.
16. Weasel Words
Intentionally vague words. Sometimes.
17. Grammar
The mechanics of writing. Punctuation.
18. Revealing and Concealing
Specific words used to reveal concepts and vague words used to conceal them. He shot him. He harmed him.